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Country Of Origin Labeling (COOL) (or mCOOL (for mandatory )) is a requirement signed into American law under Title X of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (known as the 2002 Farm Bill, codified at ). This law requires retailers to provide country-of-origin labeling for fresh beef, pork, and lamb. The program exempts processed meats. The United States Congress passed an expansion of the COOL requirements on 29 September 2008, to include more food items such as fresh fruits, nuts and vegetables.〔 〕〔()〕 Regulations were implemented on 1 August 2008 (), 31 August 2008 (), and 24 May 2013 (). On 10 June 2015, the house passed the Country of Origin Labeling Amendments Act of 2015, which repeals requirements for chicken, pork and beef retailers to inform consumers of the country of origin, at the final point of sale. H.R. 2393 goes next to the Senate for consideration. == Background == "Under §304 of the Tariff Act of 1930 as amended (), every imported item must be conspicuously and indelibly marked in English to indicate to the “ultimate purchaser” its country of origin." According to the U.S. Customs, generally defined the “ultimate purchaser” is the last U.S. person who will receive the goods in the form in which it was imported. However, if the goods are destined for a U.S. based processor where they will undergo “substantial transformation”, then that processor or manufacturer is considered the ultimate purchaser. The law authorizes exceptions to labeling requirements, such as for articles incapable of being marked or where the cost would be “economically prohibitive.” Exceptions to this are codified into law and known as the “J List”, so named for §1304(a)(3)(J) of the statute, which empowered the Secretary of the Treasury to exempt classes of items that were “imported in substantial quantities during the five-year period immediately preceding January 1, 1937, and were not required during such period to be marked to indicate their origin.” This does not apply to food 'processed' in U.S. with ingredients from other countries. Processed food includes milk, juice, dry foods and dietary supplements/vitamins. FDA website states: 1. An imported product, such as shrimp, is peeled, deveined and incorporated into a shrimp dish, such as "Shrimp Quiche." The product is no longer identifiable as shrimp but as "Quiche." The quiche is a product of the USA. Therefore, labeling it as "product of the USA" would not be a violation of the FFD&C Act. (Whether or not it violates *CBP’s * requirements would need to be asked.) 2. An imported product, such as shrimp, is peeled and deveined. It is labeled as "Imported by" or "Distributed by" a firm in the USA. Such labeling would not violate the FFD&C Act, but it would not meet the *CBP’s * requirement for country of origin labeling. The product would also have to be clearly identified as to country of origin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Country of Origin Labeling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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